<?php
/**
* @file
* Tripal Pub PubMed Interface
*
* @defgroup tripal_pub_PMID PubMed Interface
* @ingroup tripal_pub
*/
/**
*
*/
function tripal_pub_remote_alter_form_PMID(&$form, $form_state) {
$num_criteria = $form['num_criteria']['#default_value'];
// PubMed doesn't have an 'Abstract' field, so we need to convert the criteria
// from 'Abstract' to 'Title/Abstract'
for($i = 1; $i <= $num_criteria; $i++) {
$form['criteria'][$i]["scope-$i"]['#options']['abstract'] = 'Abstract/Title';
}
}
/**
*
*/
function tripal_pub_remote_validate_form_PMID(&$form, $form_state) {
$num_criteria = $form['num_criteria']['#default_value'];
for ($i = 1; $i <= $num_criteria; $i++) {
$search_terms = trim($form_state['values']["search_terms-$i"]);
$scope = $form_state['values']["scope-$i"];
if ($scope == 'id' and !preg_match('/^PMID:\d+$/', $search_terms)) {
form_set_error("search_terms-$i", "The PubMed accession must be a numeric value, prefixed with 'PMID:' (e.g. PMID:23024789).");
}
}
}
/**
*
*/
function tripal_pub_remote_search_PMID($search_array, $num_to_retrieve, $pager_id) {
// convert the terms list provicded by the caller into a string with words
// separated by a '+' symbol.
$num_criteria = $search_array['num_criteria'];
$days = $search_array['days'];
$search_str = '';
for ($i = 1; $i <= $num_criteria; $i++) {
$search_terms = trim($search_array['criteria'][$i]['search_terms']);
$scope = $search_array['criteria'][$i]['scope'];
$is_phrase = $search_array['criteria'][$i]['is_phrase'];
$op = $search_array['criteria'][$i]['operation'];
if ($op) {
$search_str .= "$op ";
}
// if this is phrase make sure the search terms are surrounded by quotes
if ($is_phrase) {
$search_str .= "(\"$search_terms\" |SCOPE|) ";
}
// if this is not a phase then we want to separate each 'OR or 'AND' into a unique criteria
else {
$search_str .= "(";
if (preg_match('/and/i', $search_terms)) {
$elements = preg_split('/\s+and+\s/i', $search_terms);
foreach ($elements as $element) {
$search_str .= "($element |SCOPE|) AND ";
}
$search_str = substr($search_str, 0, -5); // remove trailing 'AND '
}
elseif (preg_match('/or/i', $search_terms)) {
$elements = preg_split('/\s+or+\s/i', $search_terms);
foreach ($elements as $element) {
$search_str .= "($element |SCOPE|) OR ";
}
$search_str = substr($search_str, 0, -4); // remove trailing 'OR '
}
else {
$search_str .= "($search_terms |SCOPE|) ";
}
$search_str .= ') ';
}
if ($scope == 'title') {
$search_str = preg_replace('/\|SCOPE\|/', '[Title]', $search_str);
}
elseif ($scope == 'author') {
$search_str = preg_replace('/\|SCOPE\|/', '[Author]', $search_str);
}
elseif ($scope == 'abstract') {
$search_str = preg_replace('/\|SCOPE\|/', '[Title/Abstract]', $search_str);
}
elseif ($scope == 'journal') {
$search_str = preg_replace('/\|SCOPE\|/', '[Journal]', $search_str);
}
elseif ($scope == 'id') {
$search_str = preg_replace('/PMID:([^\s]*)/', '$1', $search_str);
$search_str = preg_replace('/\|SCOPE\|/', '[Uid]', $search_str);
}
}
if ($days) {
// get the date of the day suggested
$past_timestamp = time() - ($days * 86400);
$past_date = getdate($past_timestamp);
$search_str .= " AND (\"" . sprintf("%04d/%02d/%02d", $past_date['year'], $past_date['mon'], $past_date['mday']) . "\"[Date - Create] : \"3000\"[Date - Create]))";
}
$search_array['limit'] = $num_to_retrieve;
$search_array['search_string'] = $search_str;
//dpm($search_str);
unset($_SESSION['tripal_pub_PMID_query']);
// we want to get the list of pubs using the search terms but using a Drupal style pager
$pubs = tripal_pager_callback('tripal_pub_PMID_range', $num_to_retrieve, $pager_id,
'tripal_pub_PMID_count', $search_array);
return $pubs;
}
/*
* This function is used as the callback function when used with the
* tripal_pager_callback function. This function returns a count of
* the dataset to be paged.
*/
function tripal_pub_PMID_count($search_array) {
$search_str = $search_array['search_string'];
$limit = $search_array['limit'];
$results = tripal_pub_PMID_search_init($search_str, $limit);
$_SESSION['tripal_pub_PMID_query'][$search_str]['Count'] = $results['Count'];
$_SESSION['tripal_pub_PMID_query'][$search_str]['WebEnv'] = $results['WebEnv'];
$_SESSION['tripal_pub_PMID_query'][$search_str]['QueryKey'] = $results['QueryKey'];
return $results['Count'];
}
/*
* This function is used as the callback function when used with the
* tripal_pager_callback function. This function returns the results
* within the specified range
*/
function tripal_pub_PMID_range($search_array, $start = 0, $limit = 10) {
$search_str = $search_array['search_string'];
$limit = $search_array['limit'];
$count = $_SESSION['tripal_pub_PMID_query'][$search_str]['Count'];
if ($count == 0) {
return array();
}
// get the query_key and the web_env from the previous count query.
$query_key = $_SESSION['tripal_pub_PMID_query'][$search_str]['QueryKey'];
$web_env = $_SESSION['tripal_pub_PMID_query'][$search_str]['WebEnv'];
// if this function has been called without calling the count function
// then we need to do the query.
if (!$query_key) {
$results = tripal_pub_PMID_search_init($search_str, $limit);
$_SESSION['tripal_pub_PMID_query']['WebEnv'] = $results['WebEnv'];
$_SESSION['tripal_pub_PMID_query']['QueryKey'] = $results['QueryKey'];
$query_key = $results['QueryKey'];
$web_env = $results['WebEnv'];
}
// now get the list of PMIDs from the previous search
$pmids_txt = tripal_pub_PMID_fetch($query_key, $web_env, 'uilist', 'text', $start, $limit);
// iterate through each PMID and get the publication record. This requires a new search and new fetch
$pmids = explode("\n", trim($pmids_txt));
$pubs = array();
foreach ($pmids as $pmid) {
// now retrieve the individual record
$pub_xml = tripal_pub_PMID_fetch($query_key, $web_env, 'null', 'xml', 0, 1, array('id' => $pmid));
$pub = tripal_pub_PMID_parse_pubxml($pub_xml);
$pubs[] = $pub;
}
return $pubs;
}
/*
*
*/
function tripal_pub_PMID_search_init($search_str, $retmax){
// do a search for a single result so that we can establish a history, and get
// the number of records. Once we have the number of records we can retrieve
// those requested in the range.
$query_url = "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/esearch.fcgi?" .
"db=Pubmed" .
"&retmax=$retmax" .
"&usehistory=y".
"&term=" . urlencode($search_str);
//dpm($query_url);
$rfh = fopen($query_url, "r");
if (!$rfh) {
drupal_set_message('Could not perform Pubmed query. Cannot connect to Entrez.', 'error');
return 0;
}
// retrieve the XML results
$query_xml = '';
while (!feof($rfh)) {
$query_xml .= fread($rfh, 255);
}
fclose($rfh);
//dpm("<pre>$query_xml</pre>");
$xml = new XMLReader();
$xml->xml($query_xml);
// iterate though the child nodes of the <eSearchResult> tag and get the count, history and query_id
$result = array();
while ($xml->read()) {
$element = $xml->name;
if ($xml->nodeType == XMLReader::END_ELEMENT and $element == 'WebEnv') {
// we've read as much as we need. If we go too much further our counts
// will get messed up by other 'Count' elements. so we're done.
break;
}
if ($xml->nodeType == XMLReader::ELEMENT) {
switch ($element) {
case 'Count':
$xml->read();
$result['Count'] = $xml->value;
break;
case 'WebEnv':
$xml->read();
$result['WebEnv'] = $xml->value;
break;
case 'QueryKey':
$xml->read();
$result['QueryKey'] = $xml->value;
break;
}
}
}
return $result;
}
/*
*
*/
function tripal_pub_PMID_fetch($query_key, $web_env, $rettype = 'null',
$retmod = 'null', $start = 0, $limit = 10, $args = array()){
// repeat the search performed previously (using WebEnv & QueryKey) to retrieve
// the PMID's within the range specied. The PMIDs will be returned as a text list
$fetch_url = "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/efetch.fcgi?".
"rettype=$rettype" .
"&retmode=$retmod" .
"&retstart=$start" .
"&retmax=$limit" .
"&db=Pubmed" .
"&query_key=$query_key".
"&WebEnv=$web_env";
foreach ($args as $key => $value) {
if(is_array($value)) {
$fetch_url .= "&$key=";
foreach ($value as $item) {
$fetch_url .= "$item,";
}
$fetch_url = substr($fetch_url, 0, -1); // remove trailing comma
}
else {
$fetch_url .= "&$key=$value";
}
}
//dpm($fetch_url);
$rfh = fopen($fetch_url, "r");
if (!$rfh) {
drupal_set_message('ERROR: Could not perform PubMed query.', 'error');
return '';
}
$results = '';
if($rfh) {
while (!feof($rfh)) {
$results .= fread($rfh, 255);
}
fclose($rfh);
}
return $results;
}
/*
* This function parses the XML containing details of a publication and
* converts it into an associative array of where keys are Tripal Pub
* ontology terms and the values are extracted from the XML. The
* XML should contain only a single publication record.
*
* Information about the valid elements in the PubMed XML can be found here:
* http://www.nlm.nih.gov/bsd/licensee/elements_descriptions.html
*
* Information about PubMed's citation format can be found here
* http://www.nlm.nih.gov/bsd/policy/cit_format.html
*/
function tripal_pub_PMID_parse_pubxml($pub_xml) {
$pub = array();
if (!$pub_xml) {
return $pub;
}
// read the XML and iterate through it.
$xml = new XMLReader();
$xml->xml(trim($pub_xml));
while ($xml->read()) {
$element = $xml->name;
if ($xml->nodeType == XMLReader::ELEMENT) {
switch ($element) {
case 'ERROR':
$xml->read(); // get the value for this element
watchdog('tripal_pub', "Error: %err", array('%err' => $xml->value), WATCHDOG_ERROR);
break;
case 'PMID':
// thre are multiple places where a PMID is present in the XML and
// since this code does not descend into every branch of the XML tree
// we will encounter many of them here. Therefore, we only want the
// PMID that we first encounter. If we already have the PMID we will
// just skip it. Examples of other PMIDs are in the articles that
// cite this one.
$xml->read(); // get the value for this element
if(!$pub['Publication Dbxref']) {
$pub['Publication Dbxref'] = 'PMID:' . $xml->value;
}
break;
case 'Article':
$pub_model = $xml->getAttribute('PubModel');
$pub['Publication Model'] = $pub_model;
tripal_pub_PMID_parse_article($xml, $pub);
break;
case 'MedlineJournalInfo':
tripal_pub_PMID_parse_medline_journal_info($xml, $pub);
break;
case 'ChemicalList':
// TODO: handle this
break;
case 'SupplMeshList':
// TODO: meant for protocol list
break;
case 'CitationSubset':
// TODO: not sure this is needed.
break;
case 'CommentsCorrections':
// TODO: handle this
break;
case 'GeneSymbolList':
// TODO: handle this
break;
case 'MeshHeadingList':
// TODO: Medical subject headings
break;
case 'NumberOfReferences':
// TODO: not sure we should keep this as it changes frequently.
break;
case 'PersonalNameSubjectList':
// TODO: for works about an individual or with biographical note/obituary.
break;
case 'OtherID':
// TODO: ID's from another NLM partner.
break;
case 'OtherAbstract':
// TODO: when the journal does not contain an abstract for the publication.
break;
case 'KeywordList':
// TODO: handle this
break;
case 'InvestigatorList':
// TODO: personal names of individuals who are not authors (can be used with collection)
break;
case 'GeneralNote':
// TODO: handle this
break;
case 'DeleteCitation':
// TODO: need to know how to handle this
break;
default:
break;
}
}
}
$pub['Citation'] = tripal_pub_create_citation($pub);
$pub['raw'] = $pub_xml;
return $pub;
}
/*
*
*/
function tripal_pub_PMID_parse_medline_journal_info($xml, &$pub) {
while ($xml->read()) {
// get this element name
$element = $xml->name;
// if we're at the </Article> element then we're done with the article...
if ($xml->nodeType == XMLReader::END_ELEMENT and $element == 'MedlineJournalInfo') {
return;
}
if ($xml->nodeType == XMLReader::ELEMENT) {
switch ($element) {
case 'Country':
// the place of publication of the journal
$xml->read();
$pub['Journal Country'] = $xml->value;
break;
case 'MedlineTA':
// TODO: not sure how this is different from ISOAbbreviation
break;
case 'NlmUniqueID':
// TODO: the journal's unique ID in medline
break;
case 'ISSNLinking':
// TODO: not sure how this is different from ISSN
break;
default:
break;
}
}
}
}
/*
*
*/
function tripal_pub_PMID_parse_article($xml, &$pub) {
while ($xml->read()) {
// get this element name
$element = $xml->name;
// if we're at the </Article> element then we're done with the article...
if ($xml->nodeType == XMLReader::END_ELEMENT and $element == 'Article') {
return;
}
if ($xml->nodeType == XMLReader::ELEMENT) {
switch ($element) {
case 'Journal':
tripal_pub_PMID_parse_journal($xml, $pub);
break;
case 'ArticleTitle':
$xml->read();
// remoave any trailing period from the title
$pub['Title'] = trim(preg_replace('/\.$/', '', $xml->value));
break;
case 'Abstract':
tripal_pub_PMID_parse_abstract($xml, $pub);
break;
case 'Pagination':
tripal_pub_PMID_parse_pagination($xml, $pub);
break;
case 'ELocationID':
$type = $xml->getAttribute('EIdType');
$valid = $xml->getAttribute('ValidYN');
$xml->read();
$elocation = $xml->value;
if ($type == 'doi' and $valid == 'Y') {
$pub['DOI'] = $elocation;
}
if ($type == 'pii' and $valid == 'Y') {
$pub['PII'] = $elocation;
}
$pub['Elocation'] = $elocation;
break;
case 'Affiliation':
// the affiliation tag at this level is meant solely for the first author
$xml->read();
$pub['Author List'][0]['Affiliation'] = $xml->value;
break;
case 'AuthorList':
$complete = $xml->getAttribute('CompleteYN');
tripal_pub_PMID_parse_authorlist($xml, $pub);
break;
case 'InvestigatorList':
// TODO: perhaps handle this one day. The investigator list is to list the names of people who
// are members of a collective or corporate group that is an author in the paper.
break;
case 'Language':
$xml->read();
$lang_abbr = $xml->value;
// there may be multiple languages so we store these in an array
$pub['Language'][] = tripal_pub_remote_search_get_language($lang_abbr);
$pub['Language Abbr'][] = $lang_abbr;
break;
case 'DataBankList':
// TODO: handle this case
break;
case 'GrantList':
// TODO: handle this case
break;
case 'PublicationTypeList':
tripal_pub_PMID_parse_publication_type($xml, $pub);
break;
case 'VernacularTitle':
$xml->read();
$pub['Vernacular Title'][] = $xml->value;
break;
case 'ArticleDate':
// TODO: figure out what to do with this element. We already have the
// published date in the <PubDate> field, but this date should be in numeric
// form and may have more information.
break;
default:
break;
}
}
}
}
/*
* A full list of publication types can be found here:
* http://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/pubtypes.html.
*
* The Tripal Pub ontology doesn't yet have terms for all of the
* publication types so we store the value in the 'publication_type' term.
*/
function tripal_pub_PMID_parse_publication_type($xml, &$pub) {
while ($xml->read()) {
$element = $xml->name;
if ($xml->nodeType == XMLReader::END_ELEMENT and $element == 'PublicationTypeList') {
// we've reached the </PublicationTypeList> element so we're done.
return;
}
if ($xml->nodeType == XMLReader::ELEMENT) {
switch ($element) {
case 'PublicationType':
$xml->read();
$value = $xml->value;
$pub_cvterm = tripal_cv_get_cvterm_by_name($value, NULL, 'tripal_pub');
if (!$pub_cvterm) {
// see if this we can find the name using a synonym
$pub_cvterm = tripal_cv_get_cvterm_by_synonym($value, NULL, 'tripal_pub');
if (!$pub_cvterm) {
watchdog('tpub_pubmed', 'Cannot find a valid vocabulary term for the publication type: "%term".',
array('%term' => $value), WATCHDOG_ERROR);
}
}
else {
$pub['Publication Type'][] = $pub_cvterm->name;
}
break;
default:
break;
}
}
}
}
/*
*
*/
function tripal_pub_PMID_parse_abstract($xml, &$pub) {
$abstract = '';
while ($xml->read()) {
$element = $xml->name;
if ($xml->nodeType == XMLReader::END_ELEMENT and $element == 'Abstract') {
// we've reached the </Abstract> element so return
$pub['Abstract'] = $abstract;
return;
}
// the abstract text can be just a singe paragraph or be broken into multiple
// abstract texts for structured abstracts. Here we will just combine then
// into a single element in the order that they arrive in HTML format
if ($xml->nodeType == XMLReader::ELEMENT) {
switch ($element) {
case 'AbstractText':
$label = $xml->getAttribute('Label');
$xml->read();
if ($label) {
$part = "<p><b>$label</b></br>" . $xml->value . '</p>';
$abstract .= $part;
$pub['Structured Abstract Part'][] = $part;
}
else {
$abstract .= '<p>' . $xml->value . '</p>';
}
break;
case 'CopyrightInformation':
$xml->read();
$pub['Copyright'] = $xml->value;
break;
default:
break;
}
}
}
}
/*
*
*/
function tripal_pub_PMID_parse_pagination($xml, &$pub) {
while ($xml->read()) {
$element = $xml->name;
if ($xml->nodeType == XMLReader::END_ELEMENT and $element == 'Pagination') {
// we've reached the </Pagination> element so we're done.
return;
}
if ($xml->nodeType == XMLReader::ELEMENT) {
switch ($element) {
case 'MedlinePgn':
$xml->read();
if(trim($xml->value)) {
$pub['Pages'] = $xml->value;
}
break;
default:
break;
}
}
}
}
/*
*
*/
function tripal_pub_PMID_parse_journal($xml, &$pub) {
while ($xml->read()) {
$element = $xml->name;
if ($xml->nodeType == XMLReader::END_ELEMENT and $element == 'Journal') {
return;
}
if ($xml->nodeType == XMLReader::ELEMENT) {
switch ($element) {
case 'ISSN':
$issn_type = $xml->getAttribute('IssnType');
$xml->read();
$issn = $xml->value;
$pub['ISSN'] = $issn;
if ($issn_type == 'Electronic') {
$pub['eISSN'] = $issn;
}
if ($issn_type == 'Print') {
$pub['pISSN'] = $issn;
}
break;
case 'JournalIssue':
// valid values of cited_medium are 'Internet' and 'Print'
$cited_medium = $xml->getAttribute('CitedMedium');
tripal_pub_PMID_parse_journal_issue($xml, $pub);
break;
case 'Title':
$xml->read();
$pub['Journal Name'] = $xml->value;
break;
case 'ISOAbbreviation':
$xml->read();
$pub['Journal Abbreviation'] = $xml->value;
break;
default:
break;
}
}
}
}
/*
*
*/
function tripal_pub_PMID_parse_journal_issue($xml, &$pub) {
while ($xml->read()) {
$element = $xml->name;
if ($xml->nodeType == XMLReader::END_ELEMENT and $element == 'JournalIssue'){
// if we're at the </JournalIssue> element then we're done
return;
}
if ($xml->nodeType == XMLReader::ELEMENT) {
switch ($element) {
case 'Volume':
$xml->read();
$pub['Volume'] = $xml->value;
break;
case 'Issue':
$xml->read();
$pub['Issue'] = $xml->value;
break;
case 'PubDate':
$date = tripal_pub_PMID_parse_date($xml, 'PubDate');
$year = $date['year'];
$month = $date['month'];
$day = $date['day'];
$medline = $date['medline'];
$pub['Year'] = $year;
if ($month and $day and $year) {
$pub['Publication Date'] = "$year $month $day";
}
elseif ($month and !$day and $year) {
$pub['Publication Date'] = "$year $month";
}
elseif (!$month and !$day and $year) {
$pub['Publication Date'] = $year;
}
elseif ($medline) {
$pub['Publication Date'] = $medline;
}
else {
$pub['Publication Date'] = "Date Unknown";
}
break;
default:
break;
}
}
}
}
/*
*
*/
function tripal_pub_PMID_parse_date ($xml, $element_name) {
$date = array();
while ($xml->read()) {
$element = $xml->name;
if ($xml->nodeType == XMLReader::END_ELEMENT and $element == $element_name){
// if we're at the </$element_name> then we're done
return $date;
}
if ($xml->nodeType == XMLReader::ELEMENT) {
switch ($element) {
case 'Year':
$xml->read();
$date['year'] = $xml->value;
break;
case 'Month':
$xml->read();
$month =
$date['month'] = $xml->value;
break;
case 'Day':
$xml->read();
$date['day'] = $xml->value;
break;
case 'MedlineDate':
// the medline date is when the date cannot be broken into distinct month day year.
$xml->read();
$date['year'] = preg_replace('/^(\d{4}).*$/', '\1', $xml->value);
$date['medline'] = $xml->value;
break;
default:
break;
}
}
}
}
/*
*
*/
function tripal_pub_PMID_parse_authorlist($xml, &$pub) {
$num_authors = 0;
while ($xml->read()) {
$element = $xml->name;
if ($xml->nodeType == XMLReader::END_ELEMENT){
// if we're at the </AuthorList> element then we're done with the article...
if($element == 'AuthorList') {
// build the author list before returning
$authors = '';
foreach ($pub['Author List'] as $author) {
if ($author['valid'] == 'N') {
// skip non-valid entries. A non-valid entry should have
// a corresponding corrected entry so we can saftely skip it.
continue;
}
if ($author['Collective']) {
$authors .= $author['Collective'] . ', ';
}
else {
$authors .= $author['Surname'] . ' ' . $author['First Initials'] . ', ';
}
}
$authors = substr($authors, 0, -2);
$pub['Authors'] = $authors;
return;
}
// if we're at the end </Author> element then we're done with the author and we can
// start a new one.
if($element == 'Author') {
$num_authors++;
}
}
if ($xml->nodeType == XMLReader::ELEMENT) {
switch ($element) {
case 'Author':
$valid = $xml->getAttribute('ValidYN');
$pub['Author List'][$num_authors]['valid'] = $valid;
break;
case 'LastName':
$xml->read();
$pub['Author List'][$num_authors]['Surname'] = $xml->value;
break;
case 'ForeName':
$xml->read();
$pub['Author List'][$num_authors]['Given Name'] = $xml->value;
break;
case 'Initials':
$xml->read();
$pub['Author List'][$num_authors]['First Initials'] = $xml->value;
break;
case 'Suffix':
$xml->read();
$pub['Author List'][$num_authors]['Suffix'] = $xml->value;
break;
case 'CollectiveName':
$xml->read();
$pub['Author List'][$num_authors]['Collective'] = $xml->value;
break;
case 'Identifier':
// according to the specification, this element is not yet used.
break;
default:
break;
}
}
}
}
/*
* Language abbreviations were obtained here:
* http://www.nlm.nih.gov/bsd/language_table.html
*/
function tripal_pub_remote_search_get_language($lang_abbr) {
$languages = array(
'afr' => 'Afrikaans',
'alb' => 'Albanian',
'amh' => 'Amharic',
'ara' => 'Arabic',
'arm' => 'Armenian',
'aze' => 'Azerbaijani',
'ben' => 'Bengali',
'bos' => 'Bosnian',
'bul' => 'Bulgarian',
'cat' => 'Catalan',
'chi' => 'Chinese',
'cze' => 'Czech',
'dan' => 'Danish',
'dut' => 'Dutch',
'eng' => 'English',
'epo' => 'Esperanto',
'est' => 'Estonian',
'fin' => 'Finnish',
'fre' => 'French',
'geo' => 'Georgian',
'ger' => 'German',
'gla' => 'Scottish Gaelic',
'gre' => 'Greek, Modern',
'heb' => 'Hebrew',
'hin' => 'Hindi',
'hrv' => 'Croatian',
'hun' => 'Hungarian',
'ice' => 'Icelandic',
'ind' => 'Indonesian',
'ita' => 'Italian',
'jpn' => 'Japanese',
'kin' => 'Kinyarwanda',
'kor' => 'Korean',
'lat' => 'Latin',
'lav' => 'Latvian',
'lit' => 'Lithuanian',
'mac' => 'Macedonian',
'mal' => 'Malayalam',
'mao' => 'Maori',
'may' => 'Malay',
'mul' => 'Multiple languages',
'nor' => 'Norwegian',
'per' => 'Persian',
'pol' => 'Polish',
'por' => 'Portuguese',
'pus' => 'Pushto',
'rum' => 'Romanian, Rumanian, Moldovan',
'rus' => 'Russian',
'san' => 'Sanskrit',
'slo' => 'Slovak',
'slv' => 'Slovenian',
'spa' => 'Spanish',
'srp' => 'Serbian',
'swe' => 'Swedish',
'tha' => 'Thai',
'tur' => 'Turkish',
'ukr' => 'Ukrainian',
'und' => 'Undetermined',
'urd' => 'Urdu',
'vie' => 'Vietnamese',
'wel' => 'Welsh',
);
return $languages[strtolower($lang_abbr)];
}